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Arthur
Kenneth Chesterton scarcely survived his first year of life. Escaping
the Boer War, his mother, Ethel, undertook a harrowing journey with her
infant son across the seas to England. Her husband, Arthur George
Chesterton, one of the managers of a South African gold mine, sought to
join them but died soon after reaching Britain, the first of many
traumas to beset the boy and then the man. Chesterton's stepfather
contributed to his insecurity by aloofness, by discipline, and by
packing the boy off to public school.
Chesterton's
departure from boarding school coincided with the first year of World
War I, and in 1915 he contrived to join the British colonial army
despite being underage. Sent to East Africa, he suffered greatly from
disease and foul conditions, almost died of malaria and dysentery, and
was allowed home to recover his health. After officer training, he
ended up on the Western Front in 1917, led troops in an attack against
the Hindenburg line, and was subsequently decorated with a military
cross. Like so many other future fascists, his war experience was
crucial to his repudiation of democracy and search for authoritarianism.
The war
left Chesterton broken in health and an alcoholic. For a few years he
held down a job with the Johannesburg Star, thus unwittingly embarking
on a lifelong career in journalism. In quest of other newspaper
opportunities, he made his way back to England and secured a job with
the Stratford-on-Avon Herald, where, as the theatre critic from 1925 to
1929, he cultivated his aesthetic sense of societal decadence and
cultural decline. In 1929, he became the editor-in-chief of a group of
provincial newspapers headed by the Torquay Times. For the next four
years, according to Baker, he tilted at windmills and sharpened his
skills as a controversialist while the Great Depression deepened and
the bankruptcy of liberal and capitalist democracy became apparent. The
corporate state, he came to believe, would rule in the interests of the
whole nation, whereas democracy was the plaything of special interests
and privilege.
Gravitating
to London and marrying a Fabian socialist and pacifist, Chesterton
found himself living near the headquarters of Oswald Mosley's British
Union of Fascists. He took to dropping by for conversation and
argument, and by late 1933 he had joined the movement. It is much to be
regretted, as Baker notes, that there is no evidence as to what it was
about the BUF's ideas that attracted Chesterton. One may speculate that
he was drawn especially to the BUF's charismatic leader, a war hero and
dashing figure of a man, who was in every sense a great man in the
tradition of Thomas Carlyle. For his part, Mosley recognized
Chesterton's evident skills as a writer and editor and soon put him to
work on various publications, commissioning Chesterton to write an
official biography of the BUF's chief, which duly came out in 1936 as
Portrait of a Leader.
Chesterton's
old demon of alcoholism, combined with overwork, led to a "nervous
breakdown." Mosley recommended he consult a German neurologist, and for
six winter months of 1936-1937 he lived in Germany. This stay provided
him with ample opportunity to observe the Nazi regime and German
society, but again details are lacking. It is not the author's fault,
but some of the most important facets of Chesterton's life remain
concealed due to a lack of pertinent evidence.
Chesterton
returned to Britain in the spring of 1937 and published a series of
articles in the Blackshirt describing his impressions of the new
Germany, which earned him appointment as editor of the Blackshirt. This
position provided what would become a convenient pulpit for his
increasingly anti-Semitic rhetoric.
According
to Baker, the close rapport between Chesterton and Mosley was
short-lived, due in part to the latter's preoccupation with
electioneering strategy on the local and national level. Chesterton was
far more interested in the purity of BUF ideology, and he decided to
resign from the organization in March 1938, to write more freely on his
pet themes of anti-Semitism, Nazi greatness, and democratic failure. It
comes as quite a surprise in this biography to find Chesterton
repudiating Hitler in March 1939, just when the Nazis took over the
rest of Czechoslovakia. As war clouds loomed on the horizon during that
summer of 1939, Chesterton found himself being trailed by a presumed
representative of Scotland Yard's Special Branch. Yet that did not
deter him from seeking a commission in the British Army shortly after
the outbreak of war. As an officer, he was stationed at Chester, and to
his great annoyance found himself being ostracized because of his
former BUF affiliation and his continued anti-Semitic writing. Due to
his war record and his volunteering to serve Chesterton managed to
avoid incarceration under illegal and immoral Defence of the Realm
Regulation 18B, even though Mosley and hundreds of other British
fascists were interned. Instead, he volunteered for active duty in
Africa and ended up in Kenya.
His
health broken, Chesterton was sent back to Britain, where in 1944, he
became deputy editor of the right-wing publication Truth, a post he
retained for nearly 10 years. Appointed by Lord Beaverbrook nine years
later to be one of his "literary advisers," he occasionally contributed
to the Daily and the Sunday Express. Although he worked for Beaverbrook
for less than a year, that was sufficient time to ghostwrite the
publisher's autobiography, Don't Trust to Luck. He soon began his own
publication, Candour, which he continued issuing for the rest of his
life.
In
1954, Chesterton formed a pressure group called the League of Empire
Loyalists. Some years later, in 1967, he merged this group with other
organizations such as the British National Party, the Greater Britain
Movement, and the Racial Preservation Society, to form the National
Front. Chesterton became its first chairman, but his involvement was
tempered by his absence each winter when he went to South Africa for
purposes of restoring his now precarious health. He resigned from the
National Front in 1971 and died two years later. Summarizing his
post-Second World War career one could say that it was
Chesterton'sl privilege to go down in modern history as the man most
responsible for keeping alive, spreading and developing the British
tradition of conspiracy thinking.... The core of Chesterton's
post-fascist creed was a mixture of right-wing Tory empire loyalism and
conspiratorial anti-globalism".
A.K Chesterton's great book "The New Unhapy Lords" is a long term and
damning indictment of the New World Order - all White Nationalists
should read it.
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